Epidemiologic evaluation of head and neck patients in a university hospital of Northwestern São Paulo State

SummaryHead and neck cancer accounts for nearly 200.000 new cases worldwide. A mean of 13.470 new cases of cancer in the oral cavity for 100.000 inhabitants is observed in Brazil.AimTo analyze clinical and epidemiological aspects in patients consulted in the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ward in a University hospital of Northwestern São Paulo, Brazil.Materials and MethodsA total of 427 patients consulted in the hospital in the period from 2000 to 2005 were investigated. The variables analyzed included: age, gender, occupation, skin color, tobacco and alcohol consumption, primary site of the tumor, clinical staging, degree of histological differentiation and outcome. The data was analyzed by descriptive and exploratory statistics.ResultsPrevalence was found among men (86%), white color (90%), smokers (83.37%), and alcoholics (65.80%); the average age was 61 years, 24.25% of men were farmers and 60% of women, housekeepers. Primary site of tumor was usually in the oral cavity (35.37%), with histological squamous cell. The incidence of deaths was 164.ConclusionThis study has provided the profile of the patients assisted in this hospital; moreover, it has contributed to outline further programs for preventing this disease

Polimorfismo de deleção de 19 pares de bases do gene dihidrofolato redutase (DHFR): risco materno para síndrome de Down e metabolismo do folato

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism may modulate the maternal risk of Down syndrome (DS). This study evaluated the influence of a 19-base pair (bp) deletion polymorphism in intron-1 of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene on the maternal risk of DS, and investigated the association between this polymorphism and variations in the concentrations of serum folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA). DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out at Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp). METHODS: 105 mothers of individuals with free trisomy of chromosome 21, and 184 control mothers were evaluated. Molecular analysis on the polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through differences in the sizes of fragments. Folate was quantified by means of chemiluminescence, and Hcy and MMA by means of liquid chromatography and sequential mass spectrometry. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in relation to allele and genotype frequencies (P = 0.44; P = 0.69, respectively). The folate, Hcy and MMA concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups, in relation to genotypes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 19-bp deletion polymorphism of DHFR gene was not a maternal risk factor for DS and was not related to variations in the concentrations of serum folate and plasma Hcy and MMA in the study population.CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Polimorfismos em genes do metabolismo do folato podem modular o risco materno para síndrome de Down (SD). Este estudo avaliou a influência do polimorfismo de deleção de 19 pares de base (pb) no íntron 1 do gene dihidrofolato redutase (DHFR) no risco materno para SD e investigou a associação entre esse polimorfismo e variações nas concentrações de folato sérico, homocisteína (Hcy) e ácido metilmalônico (MMA) plasmáticos. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal analítico realizado na Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp). MÉTODOS: 105 mães de indivíduos com trissomia livre do cromossomo 21 e 184 mães controles foram avaliadas. A análise molecular do polimorfismo foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) por diferença de tamanho dos fragmentos. O folato foi quantificado por quimioluminescência, e Hcy e MMA foram determinados por cromatografia líquida/espectrometria de massas sequencial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação às frequências alélica e genotípica (P = 0,44; P = 0,69, respectivamente). As concentrações de folato, Hcy e MMA não mostraram diferença significativa entre os genótipos, entre grupos (P > 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O polimorfismo de deleção de 19 pb do gene DHFR não é um fator de risco materno para SD e não está relacionado com variações nas concentrações de folato sérico, Hcy e MMA plasmáticos na população estudada.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Pret

Polimorfismo de deleção de 19 pares de bases do gene dihidrofolato redutase (DHFR): risco materno para síndrome de Down e metabolismo do folato

Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism may modulate the maternal risk of Down syndrome (DS). This study evaluated the influence of a 19-base pair (bp) deletion polymorphism in intron-1 of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene on the maternal risk of DS, and investigated the association between this polymorphism and variations in the concentrations of serum folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA). DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out at Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp). METHODS: 105 mothers of individuals with free trisomy of chromosome 21, and 184 control mothers were evaluated. Molecular analysis on the polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through differences in the sizes of fragments. Folate was quantified by means of chemiluminescence, and Hcy and MMA by means of liquid chromatography and sequential mass spectrometry. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in relation to allele and genotype frequencies (P = 0.44; P = 0.69, respectively). The folate, Hcy and MMA concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups, in relation to genotypes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 19-bp deletion polymorphism of DHFR gene was not a maternal risk factor for DS and was not related to variations in the concentrations of serum folate and plasma Hcy and MMA in the study population1284215218CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302157/2008-52008/04649-3Polimorfismos em genes do metabolismo do folato podem modular o risco materno para síndrome de Down (SD). Este estudo avaliou a influência do polimorfismo de deleção de 19 pares de base (pb) no íntron 1 do gene dihidrofolato redutase (DHFR) no risco materno para SD e investigou a associação entre esse polimorfismo e variações nas concentrações de folato sérico, homocisteína (Hcy) e ácido metilmalônico (MMA) plasmáticos. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal analítico realizado na Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp). MÉTODOS: 105 mães de indivíduos com trissomia livre do cromossomo 21 e 184 mães controles foram avaliadas. A análise molecular do polimorfismo foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) por diferença de tamanho dos fragmentos. O folato foi quantificado por quimioluminescência, e Hcy e MMA foram determinados por cromatografia líquida/espectrometria de massas sequencial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação às frequências alélica e genotípica (P = 0,44; P = 0,69, respectivamente). As concentrações de folato, Hcy e MMA não mostraram diferença significativa entre os genótipos, entre grupos (P > 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O polimorfismo de deleção de 19 pb do gene DHFR não é um fator de risco materno para SD e não está relacionado com variações nas concentrações de folato sérico, Hcy e MMA plasmáticos na população estudad

Trisomy 21 alters DNA methylation in parent-of-origin-dependent and independent manners

The supernumerary chromosome 21 in Down syndrome differentially affects the methylation statuses at CpG dinucleotide sites and creates genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation of parental alleles, ultimately causing diverse pathologies. At present, it is unknown whether those effects are dependent or independent of the parental origin of the nondis-joined chromosome 21. Linkage analysis is a standard method for the determination of the parental origin of this aneuploidy, although it is inadequate in cases with deficiency of samples from the progenitors. Here, we assessed the reliability of the epigenetic 5(m)CpG imprints resulting in the maternally (oocyte)-derived allele methylation at a differentially methylated region (DMR) of the candidate imprinted WRB gene for asserting the parental origin of chromosome 21. We developed a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-specific PCR assay, based on the WRB DMR, across single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine the methylation statuses in the parental alleles. In genomic DNA from blood cells of either disomic or trisomic subjects, the maternal alleles were consistently methylated, while the paternal alleles were unmethylated. However, the supernumerary chromosome 21 did alter the methylation patterns at the RUNX1 (chromosome 21) and TMEM131 (chromosome 2) CpG sites in a parent-of-origin-independent manner. To evaluate the 5(m)CpG imprints, we conducted a computational comparative epigenomic analysis of transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and histone modification expression patterns. We found allele fractions consistent with the transcriptional biallelic expression of WRB and ten neighboring genes, despite the similarities in the confluence of both a 17-histone modification activation backbone module and a 5-histone modification repressive module between the WRB DMR and the DMRs of six imprinted genes. We concluded that the maternally inherited 5(m)CpG imprints at the WRB DMR are uncoupled from the parental allele expression of WRB and ten neighboring genes in several tissues and that trisomy 21 alters DNA methylation in parent-of-origin-dependent and -independent manners

Variabilidade genética MTHFR no desenvolvimento da doença arterial coronária

OBJETIVO: Concentração elevada de homocisteína (Hcy) é considerada um fator de risco para doença arterial coronária (DAC). Alterações genéticas da enzima metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR), envolvida no metabolismo da Hcy, podem reduzir sua termolabilidade contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de lesões ateroscleróticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre os polimorfismos MTHFR C677T e A1298C e a presença, extensão e gravidade da DAC. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 175 pacientes com DAC, confirmada por angiografia e 108 indivíduos sem DAC (grupo controle). O polimorfismo MTHFR C677T foi investigado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) seguida de digestão enzimática. A genotipagem do polimorfismo MTHFR A1298C foi realizada pela técnica de PCR alelo-específica. RESULTADOS: A frequência do alelo alterado MTHFR 677C foi de 0,38 no grupo DAC e 0,37 no grupo controle. Em relação ao alelo polimórfico MTHFR 1298C, a frequência foi de 0,22 e 0,27, respectivamente. As distribuições genotípicas MTHFR C677T e A1298C não diferiram em relação ao número de artérias lesadas (P > 0,05). Também não foi observada relação entre o polimorfismo para MTHFR C677T e grau de obstrução arterial coronária (P > 0,05), assim como MTHFR A1298C (P > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados não demonstraram associação entre os polimorfismos MTHFR A1298C e MTHFR C677T e presença, extensão ou gravidade da DAC.OBJECTIVE: Increased homocysteine (Hcy) concentration is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic alterations of the metylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme could reduce its thermolability and alter the Hcy metabolism, contributing to development of atherosclerotic lesions. Objective of this study was to investigate the relation between MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and presence, extension, and severity of CAD. METHODS: One hundred seventy-five patients with CAD confirmed by angiography, and 108 individuals without CAD (control group) were evaluated. MTHFR C677T polymorphism was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by enzyme digestion. The genotyping of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was performed by PCR allele-specific method. RESULTS: Frequency of the altered allele MTHFR 677C was 0.38 in the CAD group and 0.37 in the control group. Regarding the polymorphic allele MTHFR 1298C, frequency was 0.22 and 0.27, respectively. The genotype distribution MTHFR C677T and A1298C did not differ regarding number of affected vessels (P > 0.05). Also, relation between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and degree of arterial obstruction was not observed (P > 0.05), as well as the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results did not show association between MTHFR A1298C and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and presence, extension or severity of CAD